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Estonia: how technology took a 1.3 mln people country to the future
Already in 2012, Estonia’s 1.3 million residents could use electronic ID cards to vote, pay taxes and access more than 160 online services.
Already in 2012, Estonia’s 1.3 million residents could use electronic ID cards to vote, pay taxes and access more than 160 online services.
The 500+ policy seems to have had the political effects desired by the government, rather than solving economic and demographic issues.
In the country, which became the fifth European economy with an average GDP of 4% in 2009-19, per capita income grew at a rate of 5.3%.
In front of a declining population due to ageing and emigration, digital innovation becomes crucial to increasing productivity and living standards.
Bioenergy is playing a key role in Vilnius’ energy supply: about 75% of the heat is produced by burning woody biomass collected on the national territory.
The increase in tax burdens would fail to cover the promised reduction in the tax burden, causing more uncertainty and reduced investment.
Despite the employment rate among 15- to 64-year-olds at 75.2%, the country faces a shrinking workforce and regional disparities.
Unemployment has risen: consumption and investment face a higher level of uncertainty and a decline in capacity utilization induced by lower demand.
The 2020 recession is due to a fall in consumption representing 58% of GDP. The industry is expected to be driven by housing demand and major infrastructures.
While the reduction in foreign demand was responsible for two-thirds of the 2020 recession, industry and ICT will rebound this year.